What is Calima? Definition & Risks
Everything you need to know about the Saharan dust phenomenon: definition, health, and forecast
What is Calima exactly?
Calima is a meteorological phenomenon characterized by high concentrations of suspended dust and sand particles from the Sahara Desert. It is not just 'sand': it is a dry aerosol containing quartz, clay, and sometimes pollutants, which reduces visibility and affects air quality in the Canary Islands.
Origin and Causes
It originates in the Sahara when strong winds lift sand into the atmosphere. Easterly winds (Sirocco) carry this massive dust cloud towards the Canaries. It is most intense in winter (especially January and February) when the trade winds weaken.
Difference from Fog and Smog
Unlike fog (water condensation) or smog (urban pollution), calima is dry desert dust. It is characterized by a reddish or orange sky and reduced visibility without high humidity.
Symptoms and Health Effects
Calima can affect health. PM10 particles may cause symptoms such as dry cough, eye irritation, throat itching, and breathing discomfort. Sensitive groups (asthma, COPD, allergies, children, and elderly) may be more affected. It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional if you experience symptoms. Always follow guidance from official health authorities.
Cleaning & Care Guide
Calima dust is abrasive and can damage surfaces if not cleaned properly. Special care is needed for vehicles and homes.
🚗 Car Care
- Do not use windshield wipers without water (scratches glass).
- Rinse with plenty of water first to remove bulk dust.
- Avoid rubbing the paint while dry.
- Check engine air filters after severe episodes.
🏠 Home Maintenance
- Keep windows and doors closed to prevent dust entry.
- Use damp cloths for cleaning surfaces (avoid dry sweeping).
- Clean AC filters as they can get clogged quickly.
- Cover outdoor pools or furniture if possible.
Alert Levels
Air quality levels are classified according to PM10 particle concentration: Good (0-20 µg/m³), Moderate (21-50 µg/m³), Unfavorable (51-150 µg/m³) and Very Unfavorable (>150 µg/m³). During unfavorable or very unfavorable levels, protection protocols are activated and advisories are issued to the population.
Calima Today in Canary Islands
Check the current Calima status today. Real-time Saharan dust map, hourly forecast for Tenerife, Gran Canaria, and all islands. Live updates.
Check Your Location
Select an island to see real-time calima status and forecast.
Historical Episodes
The Canary Islands have experienced memorable episodes that paralyzed the archipelago. Notable events:
The 'Supercalima'. All 8 Canary Islands airports closed, 120,000 passengers affected. Carnival and schools suspended. Near-zero visibility.
Second most intense in recent records. Flight cancellations and diversions. Red air quality alert activated.
Storm Celia. Severe mud rain. Widespread respiratory issues and vehicle damage.
'Christmas Calima'. Poor air quality during holidays. Official recommendation to avoid outdoor activities.
Winter 2023-24: warmest on record. Calima present on 85% of days between December and February.